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How to Send A Post Request Using Groovy?

6 minutes read

To send a post request using Groovy, you can use the HTTPBuilder library. First, you need to include the HTTPBuilder library in your Groovy script by adding the following dependency in your Gradle or Maven project:


For Gradle:

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dependencies {
    compile 'org.codehaus.groovy.modules.http-builder:http-builder:0.7.1'
}


For Maven:

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy.modules.http-builder</groupId>
    <artifactId>http-builder</artifactId>
    <version>0.7.1</version>
</dependency>


Then, you can create a POST request and send it to a server using the following code snippet:

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@Grab('org.codehaus.groovy.modules.http-builder:http-builder:0.7.1')
import groovyx.net.http.HTTPBuilder

def http = new HTTPBuilder('http://example.com/api')

http.request(Method.POST, ContentType.JSON) {
    headers.'Accept' = 'application/json'
    headers.'Content-Type' = 'application/json'

    body = [key1: 'value1', key2: 'value2']

    response.success = { resp, json ->
        println "POST request was successful: $json"
    }

    response.failure = { resp ->
        println "POST request failed: ${resp.statusLine}"
    }
}


In this code snippet, we first import the HTTPBuilder library and create a new HTTPBuilder instance with the URL of the server endpoint. We then set the required headers and provide the request body with the data to be sent. Finally, we define success and failure handlers for the response.


You can customize the POST request further by adding parameters, query parameters, authentication, and other settings as needed for your specific use case.


How to set headers in a post request using Groovy?

In Groovy, you can set headers in a post request using the following code:

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def url = 'https://api.example.com'
def postData = '{"key": "value"}'

def connection = url.toURL().openConnection()
connection.setRequestMethod("POST")
connection.setRequestProperty('Content-Type', 'application/json')
connection.setRequestProperty('Authorization', 'Bearer your_token_here')
connection.doOutput = true

def outputStream = connection.getOutputStream()
outputStream.write(postData.bytes)
outputStream.flush()
outputStream.close()

def responseCode = connection.getResponseCode()
println("Response code: ${responseCode}")

if (responseCode == 200) {
    def response = connection.getInputStream().getText()
    println("Response body: ${response}")
} else {
    println("Request failed with response code: ${responseCode}")
}


In this code snippet, we are creating a POST request to "https://api.example.com" with the provided post data and custom headers like 'Content-Type' and 'Authorization'. You can add more headers as needed by calling connection.setRequestProperty() method before making the request.


What is an HTTP status code?

An HTTP status code is a three-digit code that is returned by a server in response to a client's request made to a website or web service. It conveys information about the status of the request, such as whether it was successful, redirected, or encountered an error. HTTP status codes are classified into several categories, such as 1xx for informational responses, 2xx for successful responses, 3xx for redirection responses, 4xx for client error responses, and 5xx for server error responses. Some common examples of HTTP status codes include 200 for a successful request, 404 for a not found error, and 500 for a server error.


What is a multipart request?

A multipart request is a type of HTTP request that allows for multiple parts, such as files or form data, to be sent simultaneously to the server. This allows for more complex data to be sent in a single request, rather than separate requests for each part. Multipart requests are commonly used for uploading files or submitting form data that includes multiple types of content.


How to use Groovy for API testing?

  1. First, you will need to have Groovy installed on your machine. You can download Groovy from the official website: https://groovy-lang.org/download.html
  2. Once Groovy is installed, you can create a new Groovy script for your API testing. You can use any text editor or an IDE such as IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse.
  3. In your Groovy script, you can use libraries such as RestAssured to make HTTP requests and validate API responses. RestAssured is a popular Java-based library for API testing that can be easily integrated with Groovy scripts.
  4. Here is an example of a simple API test using Groovy and RestAssured: 
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import io.restassured.RestAssured
import io.restassured.response.Response

// Set base URI for your API
RestAssured.baseURI = "https://api.example.com"

// Send GET request and validate response
Response response = RestAssured.get("/users")
assert response.getStatusCode() == 200


  1. You can add more assertions to your test script to validate specific elements of the API response, such as response headers, response body, status code, etc.
  2. You can run your Groovy API test script using the Groovy command line tool or an IDE that supports Groovy. To run the script from the command line, you can use the following command: 
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groovy YourGroovyScript.groovy


  1. You can also integrate your Groovy API tests with CI/CD pipelines using tools like Jenkins, CircleCI, or GitLab CI. This allows you to automate your API tests and run them regularly as part of your software development process.


Overall, using Groovy for API testing can be a powerful and flexible option, especially if you are already familiar with the Groovy programming language. It allows you to write concise and readable test scripts that can be easily integrated with popular testing libraries like RestAssured.


What is the difference between POST and PUT requests?

  1. POST request:
  • Used to create a new resource on the server.
  • It is non-idempotent, meaning that each time the same POST request is made, a new resource will be created.
  • POST requests are commonly used when submitting forms, uploading files, or making a payment on a website.
  • The request URI does not need to point to an existing resource.
  • In the HTTP request, the data is sent in the body of the request.
  1. PUT request:
  • Used to update or replace an existing resource on the server.
  • It is idempotent, meaning that making the same PUT request multiple times will result in the same resource state.
  • PUT requests are commonly used for updating user information, changing settings, or editing content.
  • The request URI must point to an existing resource that the client wants to update.
  • In the HTTP request, the data is sent in the body of the request as well, but the entire resource is usually replaced with the new data.


In summary, the main difference between POST and PUT requests is that POST is used to create a new resource while PUT is used to update an existing resource. Additionally, POST is non-idempotent, and PUT is idempotent.


How to handle timeouts in a post request using Groovy?

In Groovy, you can handle timeouts in a post request using the following code:

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import groovyx.net.http.ContentType
import groovyx.net.http.HTTPBuilder

def http = new HTTPBuilder('http://example.com')

http.request(Method.POST, ContentType.JSON) { req ->
    uri.path = '/your-api-endpoint'
    body = [key1: 'value1', key2: 'value2']

    // Set timeout in milliseconds
    req.options.timeout = 5000 // 5 seconds

    response.success = { resp, json ->
        // Handle successful response
        println json
    }

    response.failure = { resp ->
        // Handle failure or timeout
        println "Request failed or timed out"
    }
}


In this code snippet, we create a new HTTPBuilder instance and make a post request to a specified API endpoint with a JSON body. We set the timeout option in milliseconds using req.options.timeout. If the request times out, the response.failure closure will be executed and we can handle the failure or timeout accordingly.


Make sure to adjust the timeout value according to your requirements.

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